Background: The organophosphorus pesticide Malathion (MAL) is widely used in agriculture; however, it is toxic to the liver, kidney andbrain tissues of vertebrates. This study investigated how Artemisinin (ART) protects liver, kidney andbrain tissues from MAL toxicity in male albino rats. 
 
Methods: Forty Wistar rats, including eight mature males, were randomly assigned to five different groups. The control group received normal saline andthe treatment groups received ART (100 mg/kg), MAL (200 mg/kg), MAL + ART (50 mg/kg), or MAL + ART (100 mg/kg) daily for 28 days. 
 
Result: MAL markedly elevated serum concentrations of AST, ALP, ALT, LDH and &gamma;-GT, in addition to cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine andcytokines IL-1&beta;, IL-6, TNF-&alpha; and 8-OHdG (p&lt;0.05). Conversely, levels of total protein, albumin, triglycerides and AChE diminished. The tissue analysis revealed elevated levels of MDA and NO, but GSH and the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, CAT were diminished. ART co-treatment (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly improved these disturbances (p&lt;0.05), restoring serum biochemical and antioxidant status. ART demonstrates excellent therapeutic potential for treating MAL-induced damage to livers, brains and kidneys, which makes it an attractive solution for organ protection in public health.

Protective Effects of Artemisinin against Malathion-induced Oxidative Damage in the Brain, Liver and Kidneys of Rats

<div>Background: This study investigated the in vitro activities of naphthoquinones and artemisinin contained in the extracts obtained from Arnebia densiflora and Artemisia annua plants against peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with Theileria annulata schizonts. For this purpose, the n-hexane extract of A. densiflora and the petroleum ether and methanol extracts of A. annua were obtained. 
 
Methods: Non-infected and infected cells were cultivated and 2&times;106 cells were seeded in each well in 0.5 ml of RPMI 1640 medium. The n-hexane extract of A. densiflora was tested six times at concentrations of 125, 62.5, 15.625, 7.8125 and 3.9062 mg/ml. A. annua petroleum ether and methanol extracts were also tested six times at 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625, 7.8125, 3.9062, and 1.9531 mg/ml concentrations on PBMCs. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences between control and experimental groups. 
 
Result: The A. densiflora extract killed both non-infected and infected cells at significant levels (P&lt;0.05) compared to the control group at all tested concentrations. A. annua methanol extract had no adverse effect on non-infected cells and the effect on infected cells was insufficient, with the only observed significant effect at a concentration of 125 &micro;g/ml. The A. annua petroleum ether extract had no adverse effect on non-infected cells and killed infected cells at significant levels (P&lt;0.05) at concentrations of 15.625 &micro;g/ml and above at 24 hours. At 48 hours, all infected cells were killed at a concentration of 62.5 &micro;g/ml. In conclusion, A. annua petroleum ether extract can be used in future in vivo studies for Theileriosis at these effective concentrations.</div>

In vitro Effect of Arnebia densiflora and Artemisia annua Plant Extracts against&nbsp;Theileria annulata Schizonts

Protective Effects of Artemisinin against Malathion-induced Oxidative Damage in the Brain, Liver and Kidneys of Rats

In vitro Effect of Arnebia densiflora and Artemisia annua Plant Extracts against Theileria annulata Schizonts